Forging Steel

• BS970: 1955 EN24, BS970/PD970: 1970 onwards 817M40. Related European grades: 34CrNiMo6, Werkstoff No. 1.6582 US Grade: SAE (AISI) 4340.
• EN24 is usually supplied in the finally heat treated condition (quenched and tempered to “T” properties) up to a limiting ruling section of 250mm, which is superior to grades 605M36, 708M40 or 709M40 – see properties below. Please refer to our selection guide for comparisons.
• EN24 is a very popular grade of through-hardening alloy steel, which is readily machinable in the “T” condition. (Refer to our machinability guide). EN24T is most suitable for the manufacture of parts such as heavy-duty axles and shafts, gears, bolts and studs. EN24T can be further surface-hardened typically to 58-60 HRC by induction or nitride processes, producing components with enhanced wear resistance.
• In addition to the above, EN24T is capable of retaining good impact values at low temperatures, hence it is frequently specified for harsh offshore applications such as hydraulic bolt tensioners and shipborne mechanical handling equipment.
• EN24 sections larger than 250mm may still be available in the quenched and tempered condition, but it should be noted that a fall-off in mechanical properties may be apparent approaching the centre of the bar.
• It is therefore recommended that larger sizes are supplied in the annealed (softened) condition, and that quenching and tempering is carried out after initial stock removal. This should achieve better mechanical properties towards the core.

Chemical composition

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Description

C40 steel plate is one mainly of high carbon steel,EN 10083 C40 steel plate is meduim Carbon Steels are similar to low carbon steel except that the carbon ranges from 0.30 to 0.60% & the manganese from 0.50 to 1.65%. Increasing the carbon content is approximately 0.5% with an accompanying increase in manganese allows medium carbon steels to be used in the quenched & tempered conditions. 

Chemical composition Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Mechanical Properties Equivalent grades of grade C40 (warning only for reference)Show 102550100 entriesSearch:  Hardenability

Low hardenability; it shows intermediate features between those of steels with medium and those of steels with high carbon content; therefore it is not easy to obtain the required features by quenching in oil and the quenching in water can result in cracking.

Mechanical properties

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• EN8 also know as 080M40. Unalloyed medium carbon steel. EN8 is a medium strength steel, good tensile strength. Suitable for shafts, stressed pins, studs, keys etc.
  Available as normalized or rolled. EN8 is supplied as round drawn/turned, round hot rolled, hexagon, square, flats and  plate.
• EN8 is usually supplied untreated but can be supplied to order in the normalized or finally heat treated (quenched and tempered to ”Q” or “R”properties for limiting ruling sections up to 63mm), which is adequate for a wide range of applications.  Please refer to our selection guide for comparisons.
• EN8 is a very popular grade of through-hardening medium carbon steel, which is readily machinable in any condition. (Refer to our machinability guide). EN8 is suitable for the manufacture of parts such as general-purpose axles and shafts, gears, bolts and studs.  It can be further surface-hardened typically to 50-55 HRC by induction processes, producing components with enhanced wear resistance.  For such applications the use of EN8D (080A42) is advisable.  It is also available in a free-machining version, EN8M (212A42)
• EN8 in its heat treated forms possesses good homogenous metallurgical structures, giving consistent machining properties.
• It is therefore recommended that larger sizes of EN8 are supplied in the untreated condition, and that any heat treatment is carried out after initial stock removal.  This should achieve better mechanical properties towards the core.

Chemical composition Mechanical Properties EN8 Equivalents Heat Treatment

• EN8 or 080m40 can be tempered at a heat of between 550°C to 660°C (1022°F-1220°F), heating for about 1 hour for every inch of thickness, then cool in oil or water.
• Normalizing of EN8 bright mild steel takes place at 830-860°C (1526°F-1580°F) then it is cooled in air.

Welding

• Modern EN8 bright mild steel contains a lot less carbon then it uses to, this mean that it is possible to weld pieces up to 18mm thick without preheating using MIG wire (SG2) or a 7018 electrode.
• Over 18mm would require a pre-heat of 100°C (212°F) in order to prevent cracking.
• Anneal afterward is recommended to prevent breaking

Analysis

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Equivalents:

 

• BS970 Part 1 1983, 070M55
• BS970 of 1955 EN9
• German W. Stoff No. 1.1203 | American AISI 1055

EN9, also known as 070m55, available in diameters, flats, squares and plates with a carbon content 0.50/0.60 this is a medium carbon steel which can develop a tensile strength of 700N/mm 45tsi. In the normalized condition EN9 can be used for gears, sprockets and cams.

EN9 is a medium carbon steel grade commonly supplied in the as rolled condition. It can be flame or induction hardened to produce a high surface hardness with excellent wear resistance for a carbon steel grade.

Chemical Composition Mechanical Properties Application

EN9 is used commonly for many general engineering applications. Typical applications include, shafts, axes, knives, bushes, crankshafts, screws, sickles, wood working drills and hammers.

Characteristics

• A 6% allowance should always be made for removal of surface defects during machining
• EN9 is weldable (but not recommended
• Machinability good • Ideal for 45 ton tensile applications
• Not recommended for carburizing
• Heat treatment only to limited ruling sections

Typical Applications

• Sprockets
• Cylinders
• Cams
• Crankshafts
• Keys
• Small Gears
• Machine Tools
• Grinding Balls for Ball Mills
• Ball Race Rings
• Bolts, Nuts
• Pulleys

Heat Treatment

Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each EN9 steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN9 carbon steel.

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• EN19  is a high quality, high tensile  steel usually supplied readily machine able in ‘T’ condition, giving good ductility and shock resisting properties combined with resistance to wear.

Chemical composition Mechanical Properties Applications

• EN19T was originally introduced for the use in the machine tool and motor industries for gears, pinions, shafts, spindles and the like. Later its applications became much more extended and it is now widely used in areas such as the oil and gas industries. EN19T is suitable for applications such as gears, bolts, studs and a wide variety of applications where a good quality high tensile steel grade is suited.

Forging

• Pre heat carefully, then raise temperature to 850-1200°C for forging. Do not forge below 850°C. After forging cool slowly in still air.

Annealing

• Heat the EN19T slowly to 680-700°C. Cool in air.

Hardening

• This steel grade is commonly supplied ready heat treated. If further heat treatment is required annealed EN19 should be heated slowly to 860-890°C and after adequate soaking at this temperature quench in oil. Temper as soon as tools reach room temperature.

Heat Treatment

• Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN19T alloy steel.

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• EN36C gives a hard case with a strong core, whilst retaining a remarkable degree of toughness.

Chemical composition Applications

• As a carburizing steel grade it is suitable for roller and ball bearings of extra light section, aero plane and motor crankshafts requiring hard surfaces for roller paths, connecting rods with case-hardened ends, as well as highly stressed gudgeon pins, gears and certain types of collets.

Carburizing / Case Hardening

• Case hardening will give a hard wear resisting surface and tough core strength to the steel. Case hardening temperatures range from 860-960°C, followed by rapid quenching which will determine the resulting hardness.

Carburizing / Case Hardening

• Case hardening will give a hard wear resisting surface and tough core strength to the steel. Case hardening temperatures range from 860-960°C, followed by rapid quenching which will determine the resulting hardness.

Tempering

• For optimum toughness temper at low temperatures for a minimum of 2 hours. The case hardness should be in the region of 60-62HRc.

Typical Mechanical Properties Softening

• If it is necessary to soften the EN36 for machining between the carburising and subsequent heat treatment stages, heat to 640-650°C. Soak at this temperature for 1 to 2 hours and cool slowly in the furnace or in air.

Heat Treatment

• Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each EN36 steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN36 case hardening steel.

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• EN41 is a chromium-aluminium-molybdenum nitriding steel usually supplied in the hardened and tempered condition. EN41 is supplied in round bar from stock and can be cut to your requirements. EN41 ‘R’ condition has a tensile of 700-850 N/mm². EN41’S’ condition has a tensile of 775-925 N/mm². It offers high wear resistant properties together with toughness and ductility. It is defined by its suitability for nitriding from which EN41 can give a hard wear resistant case up to 68HRc, better than achievable with the similar nitriding grade EN40B.

Chemical composition Applications

• EN41 is suited for applications that required excellent resistance to wear and abrasion. Typical applications include connecting rods, small extruders, valve stems, dies. It is widely used in the automotive, textile and general engineering industries. Suitable for applications requiring a resistance to wear, it is also suitable for other applications such as brick press plates, clutch plates, gudgeon, track and shackle pins.

Annealing

• Heat slowly to 650-700°C. Cool in air.

Hardening

• EN41 is supplied ready heat treated. If further heat treatment is required annealed EN41 should be heated slowly to 870-930°C and after adequate soaking at this temperature quench in oil/polymer or water. Temper as soon as tools reach room temperature.

Tempering

• Heat carefully to a suitable temperature selected by reference to a tempering chart or table (usually between 580-700°C). Soak at the temperature for 2 hours per 25mm of ruling section, then allow to cool in the air.

Mechanical Properties Heat Treatment

• Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN41 alloy nitriding steel.

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forged round                                                            

Description

C15 is a plain carbon steel with a nominal 0.15% carbon content. It is a relatively low strength steel but it may be quenched and tempered for increased strength.

Chemical composition Mechanical Properties Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Physical Properties(avarage values) at ambient temperature Applications

The low carbon steels, such as C15 are used for applications such as cold headed fasteners and bolts.

Soft Annealing

Heat to 850-950°C, cool slowly. This will produce a hardness of 90-100 HB.

Stress Relieving

Stress relieving to remove machining stresses should be carried out by heating to approx. 540°C, holding for 1-2 hours at heat, followed by air cooling. This operation is performed to reduce distortion during heat treatment.

Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1200-950°C.

Machinability

Machinability of C15 steel is fairly good, especially in the cold drawn or cold worked condition. Based upon carbon steel AIS11112 as a reference that is considered 100% machinable (easily machined) the C15 steel has a rating of 55%.

Corrosion Resistance

This is a plain carbon steel and has no corrosion resistance. It will rust unless protected.

Welding

• C 15 steel may be welded by all of the standard welding techniques.
• It is a soft carbon-steel, easily cold machinable and weldable without any particular precautions.

Cold Working

C 15 is easily cold worked by traditional means. Following severe cold working a stress relief, or full, anneal should be performed.

Description

C55 is a medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is desired than Si the as rolled’ condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed appications. Turned, ground and polished.

Chemical composition Physical Properties(avarage values) at ambient temperature
Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 229.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature: 825-865°C/air.

Hardening

Harden from a temperature of 805-845°C followed by water or oil quenching.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 550-660°C/air.

Mechanical Properties Equivalent grades of grade C40 (warning only for reference) Heat treatment conditions

• EN36 case hardening steel stockholders and suppliers, delivering to the whole of the South.
• EN36 is a 3% nickel, chromium, molybdenum grade. Carburised EN36 gives a hard case with a strong core, whilst retaining a remarkable degree of toughness.

Chemical composition Typical Mechanical Properties Applications

• As a carburising steel grade it is suitable for roller and ball bearings of extra light section, aeroplane and motor crankshafts requiring hard surfaces for roller paths, connecting rods with case-hardened ends, as well as highly stressed gudgeon pins, gears and certain types of collets.

Carburising / Case Hardening

• Case hardening will give a hard wear resisting surface and a tough core strength to the steel. Case hardening temperatures range from 860-960°C, followed by rapid quenching which will determine the resulting hardness.

Tempering

• For optimum toughness temper at low temperatures for a minimum of 2 hours. The case hardness should be in the region of 60-62HRc.

Softening

• If it is necessary to soften the EN36 for machining between the carburising and subsequent heat treatment stages, heat to 640-650°C. Soak at this temperature for 1 to 2 hours and cool slowly in the furnace or in air.

Equivalents Heat Treatment

• Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each EN36 steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN36 case hardening steel.

• EN47 is suitable for oil hardening and tempering. When used in the oil hardened and tempered condition EN47 spring steel combines spring characteristics with good wear and abrasion resistance. When hardened EN47 offers excellent toughness and shock resistance which make it a suitable alloy spring steel for parts exposed to stress, shock and vibration.

Applications

• EN47 is used widely in the motor vehicle industry and many general engineering applications. Suitable for applications that require high tensile strength and toughness. Typical applications include crankshafts, steering knuckles, gears, spindles and pumps.

Chemical Composition Mechanical Properties Physical Properties Forging

• Preheat the steel carefully, then raise temperature to 1050°C for forging. Do not forge below 840°C. After forging EN47 spring steel cool slowly, preferably in a furnace.

Annealing

• Heat slowly to 820-840°C, soak well. Cool slowly in the furnace.

Hardening

• Heat slowly to 650-700°C and thoroughly soak. Continue to heat the steel to the final hardening temperature of 830-860°C and allow the component to be heated through. Quench in oil.

Tempering

• Temper the EN47 spring steel component immediately after quenching whilst tools are still hand warm. Re-heat to the tempering temperature then soak for one hour per 25 millimetre of total thickness (2 hours minimum) Cool in air. For most applications tempering of this grade will be between 400-600°C.

Heat Treatment

• Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times etc. will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN47.

Heat Treatment Welding

• We recommend you contact your welding consumables supplier who should provide you full assistance and information on welding EN47 chrome vanadium spring steel.

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This is a higher carbon (0.30%) manganese steel in the plain carbon steel alloy family. It provides greater strength than the lower carbon grades while still retaining reasonable ductility.
Designation by Standards
Brand Name: Ck 30
Mat No1.1178
DIN Ck30
EN -
AISI 1030
Chemical Composition GradeMinMaxCarbon, C0.250.35Manganese, Mn0.600.90Silicon, Si0.150.35Sulfur, S-.--0.50Phosphorous, P-.--0.50 Applications
CK30 steel is generally used in the quenched and tempered condition for strength. Applications include machinery parts where strength and hardness are requisites.
Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature PropertiesMetricModulus of elasticity [10^3x N/mm2]200Density [lbs/in3]7.85Specific heat Capacity0.486Thermal Conductivity51.2 Soft Annealing
A full anneal is accomplished at 870 to 980°C followed by slow cooling in the furnace. A stress relief anneal may be done at 540°C.
Hardening
Heat treat at 810 to 870°C and water quench, followed by a tempering treatment.
Tempering
Temper, after heat treat and quench, at 320 to 540°C depending upon strength level desired
Forging
Hot forming temperature: 1050-850°C.
Machinabilty
Machinabilty of 0K30 steel is rated at 70% that of the AIS11112 steel considered to be 100% machinable as a reference.
Corrosion Resistance
This is a plain carbon steel and will rust unless protected.
Welding
CK30 steel may be welded by all methods. In heavy sections it is advisable to pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 540 to 650°C for welding.
Cold working
Cold working of CK30 steel in the annealed condition may be don by conventional methods. A fuU or stress relief anneal may be needed after cold working.
Mechanical Properties of grade C30   Nominal thickness (mm):0.3 - 3Rm  - Tensile strength (MPa) (+A)520Nominal thickness (mm):0.3 - 3Rm  - Tensile strength (MPa) (+CR)920Nominal thickness (mm):0.3 - 3A  - Min. elongation Lo = 80 mm (%) (+A)20  Vickers hardness  ( HV):   (+CR)270  Vickers hardness  ( HV):   (+A)165

CK35 steel has a higher (0.35%) carbon content for greater strength than the lower carbon alloys. It is hardenable by heat treatment, quench and tempering to develop 150 to 250 ksi tensile strength.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 35
• Mat No1.1181
• DIN Ck35
• EN -
• AISI 1035

Chemical Composition Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Applications

Component parts for automobile industry, e.g., shafts, forgings, flanges, bushings, crankshafts, connecting rods and parts for the machine building industry.

Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 226.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature: 880-910°C.

Tempering

Tempering from the quenched condition may be done at 550-660°C depending upon the strength desired

Mechanical Properties in Normalized', Hardened+Tempered Condition Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1100-850°C.

Machinability

Machinabilty is good, rated at 60% that of the AISI 1112 alloy used as a 100% machining rated steel.

Cold Working

In the annealed state the CK35 alloy is readily cold worked by conventional methods.

Corrosion Resistance

This is a steel alloy and will rust if not protected. it is not corrosion resistant.

Welding

CK35 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 590 to 650°C practice per an approved welding procedure.

Description

1045 is a medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the as rolled’ condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed applications. Turned, ground and polished.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 45
• Mat No1.1191
• DIN Ck45
• EN -
• AISI 1045

Chemical Composition
Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 207.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature (°C): 840-870°C.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: See the data below.

Mechanical Properties Vs Diameter

Forging Steel Ck 55 Description
CK55 steel has a higher (0.55%) carbon content for greater strength than the lower carbon alloys. It is hardenable by heat treatment, quench and tempering.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 5
• Mat No1.1203
• DIN Ck55
• EN -
• AISI 1055

Chemical Composition

Chemical Composition

APPLICATIONS

• Steel for springs, for quenched and tempered springs, for surface hardened products like shafts, bushings, crankshafts, etc.

Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperatureShow 102550100 entriesSearch:  Showing 1 to 2 of 2 entriesPreviousNextSoft Annealing

• Hardness after soft annealing 229 HB.

Hardening

• Harden from a temperature of 840-870°C, 850-880°C followed by water or oil quenching.

Normalizing

• Normalizing temperature (°C): 825-865°C.

Tempering

• Tempering from the quenched condition may be done at 540 – 680°C depending upon the strength desired.

Mechanical Properties Vin Hardened+Tempered Condition Forging

• Hot forming temperature: 1100-850°C.

Corrosion Resistance

• This is a steel alloy and will rust if not protected. it is not corrosion resistant.

Welding

• CK55 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 590 to 650°C practice per an approved welding procedure.

Cold working

• CompoIn the annealed state the CK55 alloy is readily cold worked by conventional methods.

Physical Properties THERMAL PROPERTIES

Description

CK60 steel is one of the higher carbon content (0.60%) steels. It is more difficult to fabricate than the lower carbon grades.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 60
• Mat No1.1221
• DIN Ck65
• EN -
• AISI 1060

Chemical Composition Applications

Shafts, bushings, connecting rods, Mechanical engineering components, agricultural hand tools, large forgings, springs, cold rolled strips.

Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Mechanical Properties in Normalized Condition Mechanical Properties in Quenched+Tempered Condition Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 241.

Hardening

Harden from a temperature of 800-830°C, 810-840°C followed by water or oil quenching.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature (°C): 820-850°C.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 540-680°C.

Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1100-850°C.

Machinability

Machinability of CK60 and all of the higher carbon steels is relatively poor. CK60 rates at 55 to 60 % that of the AIS11112 steel which is considered 100% machinable

Corrosion Resistance

This steel is not corrosion resistant, it will rust unless protected.

Welding

CK60 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 590 to 650°C practice per an approved welding procedure.

Cold working

Cold working is difficult even in the annealed condition although it may be done by conventional methods but requires greater force than the lower carbon steels.

DIN 41Cr4 and DIN 42Cr

DIN 41Cr4 and DIN 42CrMo4 materials have been widely used in automotive driving elements. Although 42CrMo4 is more expensive than 41Cr4, it is more preferable in terms of material properties. In this study, these two materials were heat treated by austenitizing in a continuous furnace at 850 °C and quenched in oil at 90 °C. After they were tempered at various temperatures, mechanical properties were determined for each tempering temperature. The material properties for both materials were compared with each other. Results indicated that same mechanical properties for 41Cr4 and 42CrMo4 can be achieved by tempering 41Cr4 about 50 °C lower temperature than for 42CrMo4. In addition to the mechanical tests, fatigue tests were performed for both materials. Weibull distributions were plotted. Results indicated that 42CrMo4 had a longer life than 41Cr4 material.

Chemical Composition Temperature °C Mechanical Properties((Hardened and Tempered): Heat Treatment

Heat Treatment:

• Forging:Heat to 1150°C Hold until uniform.Minimum forging temperature 850°C.Cool slowly in ashes or sand etc.
• Annealing:Heat to 830°C – 850°C. Cool in furnace.
• Normalising:Heat to 870°C – 900°C. Cool in still air.

Forging

Heat to 1150°C Hold until uniform.Minimum forging temperature 850°C.Cool slowly in ashes or sand etc.