Carbon Steel

Description
CK40 steel has a higher (0.40%) carbon content for greater strength than the lower carbon alloys. It is hardenable by heat treatment, quench and tempering to develop 150 to 250 ksi tensile strength.
Designation by Standards

Brand Name: Ck 40

Mat No1.1186

DIN Ck40

EN   -

AISI 1040

Chemical Composition GradeMinMaxCarbon, C0.350.45Manganese, Mn0.600.90Silicon, Si0.150.35Sulfur, S-.--0.50Phosphorous, P-.--0.50 Applications
Used for crankshafts, couplings and cold headed parts.
Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature PropertiesMetricModulus of elasticity [10^3x N/mm2]210Density [lbs/in3]7.84 Soft Annealing
Heat to 870-980°C, cool slowly in furnace.
Normalizing
Normalizing temperature: 890°C.
Forging
Hot forming temperature: 1100-850°C.
Machinability
Machinability is good,rated at 60 % that of the AIS11112 alloy steel which is considered 100% machinable
Corrosion Resistance
This is a steel alloy and will rust if not protected. it is not corrosion resistant
Welding
CK40 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 590 to 650°C practice per an approved welding procedure.
Tempering
Tempering from the quenched condition may be done at 320-700°C depending upon the strength desired
Cold Working
In the annealed state the CK 40 alloy is readily cold worked by conventional methods
Mechanical Properties in Normalized', Hardened+Tempered Condition Normalized, +N:     Diameter d [mm]>40-100>100-160>160-250Thickness820601000,2%proof stress
Rpo,2 [MN/mm2]min.320min.290min.260Tensile strength Rmm [N/mm2min580min.550min.530Fracture elangonation A5 [%]min.16min.17min.17

AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel has excellent weldability and produces a uniform and harder case and it is considered as the best steel for carburized parts. AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel offers a good balance of toughness, strength and ductility. Provided with higher mechanical properties, AISI 1018 hot rolled steel also includes improved machining characteristics and Brinell hardness.

Specific manufacturing controls are used for surface preparation, chemical composition, rolling and heating processes. All these processes develop a supreme quality product that are suited to fabrication processes such as welding, forging, drilling, machining, cold drawing and heat treating.

Chemical Composition Physical Properties Electrical Properties Mechanical Properties Machining

The machinability of AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel is graded at 78% of B1112.

Weldability

AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel can be instantly welded by all the conventional welding processes. Welding is not recommended for AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel when it is carbonitrided and carburized.

Low carbon welding electrodes are to be used in the welding procedure, and post-heating and pre-heating are not necessary. Pre-heating can be performed for sections over 50 mm. Post-weld stress relieving also has its own beneficial aspects like the pre-heating process.

Heat Treatment

The heat treatment for AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel consists of the following processes:

Applications of AISI 1018 Mild/Low Carbon Steel

• It is used in bending, crimping and swaging processes.
• Carburized parts that include worms, gears, pins, dowels, non-critical components of tool and die sets, tool holders, pinions, machine parts, ratchets, dowels and chain pins use AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel.
• It is widely used for fixtures, mounting plates and spacers.

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Description

C15 is a plain carbon steel with a nominal 0.15% carbon content. It is a relatively low strength steel but it may be quenched and tempered for increased strength.

Chemical composition Mechanical Properties Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Physical Properties(avarage values) at ambient temperature Application

The low carbon steels, such as C15 are used for applications such as cold headed fasteners and bolts.

Soft Annealing

Heat to 850-950°C, cool slowly. This will produce a hardness of 90-100 HB.

Stress Annealing

Stress relieving to remove machining stresses should be carried out by heating to approx. 540°C, holding for 1-2 hours at heat, followed by air cooling. This operation is performed to reduce distortion during heat treatment

Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1200-950°C.

Corrosion Resistance

This is a plain carbon steel and has no corrosion resistance. It will rust unless protected.

Heat treatment conditions

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Description

C45 is a medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the  rolled’ condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed appications. Turned, ground and polished.

Designation by StandardsBrand Name: C45
Mat No: 1.0503
DIN : C45
EN:  -
AISI:  1045Applications

Quenched and subsequently tempered steel for screws, forgings, wheel tyres shafts, sickles, axes, knives, wood working drills, hammers, etc.

Chemical composition Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Soft Annealing

Heat to 680-710°C, cool slowly. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 207.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature (°C): 840-880°C/air.

Hardening

Harden from a temperature of 820-860°C,followed by water or oil quenching.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 550-660`c/air

Mechanical Properties Vs Diameter Forging Heat Treatment Properties

A medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the “as rolled” condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed applications. Turned ground and polished.

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Description

C55 is a medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is desired than Si the as rolled’ condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed appications. Turned, ground and polished.

Chemical composition Physical Properties(avarage values) at ambient temperature
Soft Annealing

Heat to 680-710°C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 229.

Hardening

Harden from a temperature of 805-845°C followed by water or oil quenching.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 550-660°C/air.

Mechanical Properties in Quenched + Tempered Condition Equivalent grades of grade C55 (warning only for reference) Heat treatment conditions

Carbon Steel C 60 Description C 60 steel is one of the higher carbon content (0.60%) steels. It is more difficult to fabricate than the lower carbon grades.

Chemical Composition Applications

Shafts, bushings, connecting rods, Mechanical engineering components, agricultural hand tools, large forgings, springs, cold rolled strips.

Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Mechanical Properties in Normalized Condition Mechanical Properties in Quenched+Tempered Condition Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 241.

Hardening

Harden from a temperature of 800-830°C, 810-840°C followed by water or oil quenching.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature (°C): 820-850°C.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 540-680°C.

Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1100-850°C.

Machinability

Machinability of C 60 and all of the higher carbon steels is relatively poor. CK60 rates at 55 to 60 % that of the AIS11112 steel which is considered 100% machinable

Corrosion Resistance

This steel is not corrosion resistant, it will rust unless protected.

Welding

C 60 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 590 to 650°C practice per an approved welding procedure.

Cold working

Cold working is difficult even in the annealed condition although it may be done by conventional methods but requires greater force than the lower carbon steels.

Description

CK-20 is a Fe-Cr-Ni alloy containing slightly more chromium and considerably more nickel than the CH-20 grade.

The alloy is used provides good resistance to dilute sulfuric acid and resists many co rodents more effectively Than CF-8 type.
The alloy is fully austenitic and contains chromium carbides throughout the matrix, which are put into solution by High temperature solution anneal, which also improves ductility and strength. The alloy should be solution Annealed to maximize corrosion resistance and after welding to prevent sensitization of the HAZ.

Chemical Composition Applications

Pump casings, valve bodies, digesters, roaster hardware..

Product Forms

Horizontal and vertical centrifugal castings; static castings

Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Weldability

• CK-20 may be welded by the SMAW, GTAW and GMAW processes.
• Electrodes 310
• Preheat Not required
• Post weld heat treatment 20000F W.Q.

Related Specifications

Nearest wrought grade: AISI 310 .

Physical Properties Thermal Properties Mechanical Properties

CK-50 is a Fe-Cr-Ni alloy containing slightly more chromium and considerably more nickel than the CH-20 grade.

The alloy is used provides good resistance to dilute sulfuric acid and resists many co rodents more effectively Than CF-8 type.
The alloy is fully austenitic and contains chromium carbides throughout the matrix, which are put into solution by High temperature solution anneal, which also improves ductility and strength. The alloy should be solution Annealed to maximize corrosion resistance and after welding to prevent sensitization of the HAZ.

Chemical Composition

Physical Properties Applications

Component parts for vehicles, shafts, bushings, crankshafts, connecting rods and parts for the machine building industry and steel for axes, knives, hammers etc.

Heat TreatmentSoft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly.

Hardness after annealing

Max. 207 HB

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature (°C): 840-870°C.

Thermal Properties Mechanical Properties

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Description Step Shaft: steel plate/sheet,coil,round bar,flat bar,tube/pipe,Profiled forgingsC30 steel, steel plates,C30 steel sheet, is a kind of high carbon steel plates,steel sheets in EN10250 standard. The following are EN10250 C30 steel chemical composition and mechanical properties.Chemical composition PropertiesMetricImperial
Density7.85 g/cc0.284 lb/in3
Mechanical Properties Nominal thickness (mm):to 100100-250Rm - Tensile strength (MPa) (+N)480460Nominal thickness(mm):to 100100 - 250Re - Upper yield strength (MPa) (+N)250230Nominal thickness (mm):to 100100 - 250A - Min. elongation at fracture (%) longitud., (+N)2121 Equivalent grades of grade C30 (warning only for reference) GermanyRussiaJapanFranceEnglandItalyChinaCzechiaInter1.0528 C30 Ck3030S30cAF50C30XC32080M32 En5C303012031C30 C30E4 Mechanical Properties R eHMinimum yield strength / Mindestwert der oberen Streckgrenze / Limite d�elasticite minimaleR mTensile strength / Zugfestigkeit / Resistance a la tractionAMinimum elongation / Mindestwert der Bruchdehnung / Allongement minimalJNotch impact test / Kerbschlagbiegeversuch / Essai de flexion par choc Heat Treatment Conditions +ASoft annealed+ACAnnealed to achieve spheroidization of the carbides+ARAs rolled+ATSolution annealed+CCold drawn / hard+CRCold rolled+FPTreated to ferrite-pearlite structure and hardness range+IIsothermal annealing+LCCold drawn / soft+MThermo mechanical rolling+NNormalized+NTNormalized and tempered+PPrecipitation hardened+PEPeeled+QAAir quenched and tempered+QLLiquid quenched and tempered+QTQuenched and tempered+STreated to improve shearability+SHAs rolled and turned+SRCold drawn and stress relieved+TTempered+THTreated to hardness range+worked+UUntreated
1N/mm2=1MPa Heat treatment conditions
Quenching Temperature, 0CCooling mediumTempering Temperature, 0CNormalizing 

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Description C40 steel plate is one mainly of high carbon steel,EN 10083 C40 steel plate is meduim Carbon Steels are similar to low carbon steel except that the carbon ranges from 0.30 to 0.60% & the manganese from 0.50 to 1.65%. Increasing the carbon content is approximately 0.5% with an accompanying increase in manganese allows medium carbon steels to be used in the quenched & tempered conditions. This steels are of particular importance because of unique combination of strength & toughness after heat treat treatment. Chemical composition Element Min Max Carbon, C 0.35 0.45% Manganese, Mn 0.60 1.0% Silicon, Si 0.5 0.35% Sulphur -.-- 0.6 Phosphorus -.-- 0.6 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 20-100°C 20-200°C 20-300°C 20-400°C 20-500°C 20-600°C 20-700°C 11.1 11.9 12.7 13.4 14 14.4 14.8 Mechanical Properties Nominal thickness (mm): to 16 16 - 100 100 - 250 Rm - Tensile strength (MPa) (+N) 580 550 530 Nominal thickness (mm): 5-10 10-16 16 - 40 40 - 63 63 - 100 Rm - Tensile strength (MPa) (+C) 700-1000 650 - 980 620 - 920 590-840 550 - 820 Nominal thickness(mm): to 16 16 - 100 100 - 250 Re - Upper yield strength or R p0.2 - 0.2% proof strength (MPa) (+N) 320 290 260 Nominal thickness(mm): 5-10 10-16 16 - 40 40 - 63 63 - 100 R p0.2 0.2% proof strength (MPa) (+C) 540 460 365 330 290 Nominal thickness (mm): 5-10 10-16 16 - 40 40 - 63 63 - 100 A - Min. elongation at fracture (%) (+C) 6 7 8 9 9 Nominal thickness (mm): to 16 16 - 100 100 - 250 A - Min. elongation Lo = 5,65 √ So (%) (+N) 16 17 17 Brinell hardness (HBW): (+SH) 163 - 211 Equivalent grades of grade C40 (warning only for reference)Show 102550100 entriesSearch: USA Germany DIN,WNr Russia GOST Japan JIS France AFNOR England BS Italy UNI China GB Czechia CSN 1038 1040 1.0511 C40 Ck40 40 S40C AF60C40 AF60C45 XC42HI 070M40 080M40 En8

DescriptionC50 is a medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the as rolled’ condition.C50 steel plate, EN 10083 C50 steel plate, under EN 10083 standard, we can regard C50 steel plate as high carbon steel.C50 steel plate is one mainly of high carbon steel,EN 10083 C50 steel plate is one of the higher carbon content (0.47-0.55) steels.
Chemical composition Mechanical Properties Physical Properties(avarage values) at ambient temperature Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Soft Annealing

Heat to 680-710°C, cool slowly in furnace.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature: 840-880°C/air.

Hardening

Harden from a temperature of 820-860°C followed by water or oil quenching.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 550-660°C/air.

Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1050-850oC.

Applications

Soft Annealing: Heat to 680-710oC, cool slowly in furnace. Normalizing: Normalizing temperature: 840-880oC/air. Hardening: Harden from a temperature of 820-860oC followed by water or oil quenching. Tempering: Tempering temperature: 550-660oC/air. Forging: Hot forming temperature: 1050-850oC. Applications: Quenched and subsequently tempered steel for screws, forgings, wheel tyres, shafts, sickles, axes, knives, wood working drills, hammers, etc.

Equivalent grades of grade C40 (warning only for reference) Properties of grade C50Weldability

Due to the medium-high carbon content it can be welded with some precautions.

Hardenability

It has a low hardenability in water or oil; fit for surface hardening that gives this steel grade a high hardness of the hardened shell.

Mechanical properties

escription

CK15 is a plain carbon steel with a nominal 0.15% carbon content. It is a relatively low strength steel but it may be quenched and tempered for increased strength.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 15
• Mat No1.1141
• DIN Ck15
• EN -
• AISI 1015

Chemical Composition Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature: 890-980°C.

Soaking time = time at austenitlzIng temperature after the tool is fully heated through.

Carburizing

• Carburizing temperature: 880-980°C.
• Cooling from carburizing temperature: water, oil, air, thermal bath.
• Core hardening temperature: 880-920°C.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 150-180°C/air.

Machinability

Machinability of CK15 steel is fairly good, especially in the cold drawn or cold worked condition. Based upon carbon steel AlS11112 as a reference that is considered 100% machinable (easily machined) the CK15 steel has a rating of 55%.

Forging

Hot forming temperature: loso-asoct.

Applications

Low stressed components for automobile industry and general mechanical engineering – cranks, spindles, cartridges, pins, bushings, botts, shafts, etc.

Description

CK35 steel has a higher (0.35%) carbon content for greater strength than the lower carbon alloys. It is hardenable by heat treatment, quench and tempering to develop 150 to 250 ksi tensile strength.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 35
• Mat No1.1181
• DIN Ck35
• EN -
• AISI 1035

Chemical Composition Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Applications

Component parts for automobile industry, e.g., shafts, forgings, flanges, bushings, crankshafts, connecting rods and parts for the machine building industry.

Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 226.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature: 880-910°C.

Tempering

Tempering from the quenched condition may be done at 550-660°C depending upon the strength desired

Mechanical Properties in Normalized', Hardened+Tempered Condition Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1100-850°C.

Machinability

Machinabilty of CK30 steel is rated at 70% that of the AIS11112 steel considered to be 100% machinable as a reference.

Cold Working

In the annealed state the CK35 alloy is readily cold worked by conventional methods.

Corrosion Resistance

This is a steel alloy and will rust if not protected. it is not corrosion resistant.

Welding

CK35 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 590 to 650°C practice per an approved welding procedure.

Carbon Steel Ck 45 Description

1045 is a medium carbon steel is used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the as rolled’ condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed applications. Turned, ground and polished.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 45
• Mat No1.1191
• DIN Ck45
• EN -
• AISI 1045

Chemical Composition Applications

Component parts for vechiles, shafts, bushings, crankshafts, connecting rods and parts for the machine building industry and steel for axes, knives, hammers, etc

Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 10^-6 °C^-1 Tempering

Tempering temperature: See the data below.

Mechanical Properties Vs Diameter

Carbon Steel Ck 60 Description

CK60 steel is one of the higher carbon content (0.60%) steels. It is more difficult to fabricate than the lower carbon grades.

Designation by Standards

• Brand Name: Ck 60
• Mat No1.1221
• DIN Ck65
• EN -
• AISI 1060

Chemical Composition Applications

Shafts, bushings, connecting rods, Mechanical engineering components, agricultural hand tools, large forgings, springs, cold rolled strips.

Physical Properties(average values) at ambient temperature Mechanical Properties in Normalized Condition Mechanical Properties in Quenched+Tempered Condition Soft Annealing

Heat to 650-700°C, cool slowly in furnace. This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 241.

Hardening

Harden from a temperature of 800-830°C, 810-840°C followed by water or oil quenching.

Normalizing

Normalizing temperature (°C): 820-850°C.

Tempering

Tempering temperature: 540-680°C.

Forging

Hot forming temperature: 1100-850°C.

Machinability

Machinability of CK60 and all of the higher carbon steels is relatively poor. CK60 rates at 55 to 60 % that of the AIS11112 steel which is considered 100% machinable

Corrosion Resistance

This steel is not corrosion resistant, it will rust unless protected.

Welding

CK60 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 150 to 260°C and post-heat at 590 to 650°C practice per an approved welding procedure.

Cold working

Cold working is difficult even in the annealed condition although it may be done by conventional methods but requires greater force than the lower carbon steels.

AISI 1020 is a low hardenability and low tensile carbon steel with Brinell hardness of 119 – 235 and tensile strength of 410-790 MPa. It has high machinability, high strength, high ductility and good weldability. It is normally used in turned and polished or cold drawn condition. Due to its low carbon content, it is resistant to induction hardening or flame hardening. Due to lack of alloying elements, it will not respond to nitriding. However, carburization is possible in order to obtain case hardness more than Rc65 for smaller sections that reduces with an increase in section size. Core strength will remain as it has been supplied for all the sections. Alternatively, carbon nitriding can be performed, offering certain benefits over standard carburizing.

AISI 1020 steel can be largely utilized in all industrial sectors in order to enhance weldability or machinability properties. It is used in a variety of applications due to its cold drawn or turned and polished finish property.

Chemical Composition Physical Properties

The physical properties of AISI 1020 steel are:

Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of AISI 1020 steel are:

Thermal Properties Machining

In the cold drawn or turned and polished condition, AISI 1020 steel has high machinability. As per recommendations of machine manufacturers, AISI 1020 steel can be used for drilling, turning, milling and tapping operations using suitable feeds, tool type and speeds.

Weldability

AISI 1020 can be welded by performing the most common welding processes. In the cold drawn or turned and polished condition, it has better weldability. It has been suggested that the welding process should not be performed in heat treated or carburized condition.

Heat TreatmentAnnealing

AISI 1020 steel is heated at 870°C – 910°C followed by holding for certain time until the temperature remains constant all over the section. It is then cooled in a furnace.

Carburizing

AISI 1020 is heated to between 880°C – 920°C in a suitable carburizing atmosphere followed by holding for sufficient amount of time to produce the needed carbon content and case depth. After this, refining/hardening and tempering processes are carried out to optimize the core and case properties.

1035 round bar and wire rod may be used for cold heading / working into fasteners such as screws, bolts and nuts, machined into cold finished components, and/or hot or cold forged into a variety of parts. Depending on the application, it may be rolled into a wide range of diameters. By cold drawing 1035 round bar, it will increase the mechanical properties, improve the size tolerance and enhance the surface. In these conditions, 1035 steel bar may be used in a variety of tools, chain pins, sealing rings, nails, couplings, levers, studs, gears, bolts, rods, pins as well other numerous other types of parts.

1035 steel bar is most commonly characterized as a medium carbon grade, and as such is a popular “work horse” grade of steel.

1035 steel bar is often supplied in hot rolled, cold drawn, turned & polished, annealed and or coated conditions; both in bar lengths or packaged into wire rod.

1035 steel bar is a relatively low cost, medium strength steel and is common in a wide variety of general purpose applications. 1035 round bar is higher in strength and hardness than low carbon steel and is often used for small parts of moderate strength such as bolts, nuts, studs and parts which are headed or upset.

A common length for 1035 steel bar is 20′, although many mills have the capacity to produce a variety of lengths depending on the diameter and also the end application. 1035 may also be supplied in wire rod form. Typical wire rod size is around 4,000 #.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of AISI 1035 carbon steel is outlined in the following table.

Physical Properties

The physical properties of AISI 1035 carbon steel are tabulated below.

Mechanical Properties

The following table shows mechanical properties of AISI 1035 carbon steel.

AISI 1045 steel is a medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot rolled or normalized condition. It has a tensile strength of 570 – 700 MPa and Brinell hardness ranging between 170 and 210.

AISI 1045 steel is characterized by good weldability, good machinability, and high strength and impact properties in either the normalized or hot rolled condition.

AISI 1045 steel has a low through-hardening capability with only sections of size around 60 mm being recommended as suitable for tempering and through-hardening. However, it can be efficiently flame or induction hardened in the normalized or hot rolled condition to obtain surface hardnesses in the range of Rc 54 – Rc 60 based on factors such as section size, type of set up, quenching medium used etc.

AISI 1045 steel lacks suitable alloying elements and hence does not respond to the nitriding process

Chemical Composition Physical Properties Mechanical Properties Machining

AISI 1045 steel has good machinability in normalized as well as the hot rolled condition. Based on the recommendations given by the machine manufacturers, operations like tapping, milling, broaching, drilling, turning and sawing etc. can be carried out on AISI 1045 steel using suitable feeds, tool type and speeds.

Welding

Certain facts about welding of AISI 1045 steel are:

• AISI 1045 steel is readily welded when correct procedure is followed.
• Welding AISI 1045 steel in through-hardened, tempered and flame or induction hardened condition is not recommended.
• Low hydrogen electrodes are preferred for welding AISI 1045 steel.
• The workpiece is
  • Pre-heated at 200°C–300°C (392°F – 572°F)
  • Maintained at the same temperature during welding
  • Cooled slowly using sand, ashes etc and
  • Stress relieved at 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F).

Heat Treatment

AISI 1045 is subjected to the following processes:

• Forging
• Annealing
• Normalizing
• Stress relieving
• Hardening
• Tempering

Forging

• Heat to 850°C – 1250°C (1562°F – 2282°F)
• Hold until the temperature is uniform
• Cool in furnace
• Annealing
  • Heat to 800°C – 850°C (1472°F – 1562°F)
  • Hold until the temperature is uniform
  • Cool in furnace.
  Cold Working

  AISI 1040 carbon steel can be cold worked in the annealed state using conventional methods

• EN3B, also known as 070m20, available in rounds, flats, squares & hexagons. En3b is a mild steel suitable for welding and general machining. AISI 1020
• The term mild steel applies to all low carbon steel that does not contain any alloying elements in its makeup and has a carbon content that does not exceed 0.25%. The term “mild” is used to cover a wide range of specifications and forms for a variety of steel.
• Mild steel is used in mechanical engineering applications for parts that will not be subject to high stress.
• When in its bright cold drawn condition the steel is able to endure higher levels of stress, particularly on smaller diameters.
• Compared to normal mild steel, bright mild steel provides tighter sectional tolerances, increased straightness, and a much cleaner surface. The main advantage of cold drawn steel is that steel can be bought closer to the finished machine size, providing reduce machining costs. Another benefit of bright steel bars is a marked increase in physical strength over hot rolled bars of the same section.
• EN3B bright mild steel (070m20) used to be the most popular specification of bright mild steel available. It has since been replaced by steels that have a tighter chemical analysis.
• EN3b Bright mild steel is now a general purpose steel that is suitable for welding, can be case-hardened and is good for general machining. EN3b is generally used in engineering applications that will not be heavily stressed.

Chemical Composition Mechanical Properties International Comparisons

• EN8 also know as 080M40. Unalloyed medium carbon steel. EN8 is a medium strength steel, good tensile strength. Suitable for shafts, stressed pins, studs, keys etc.  AISI 1040.
  Available as normalized or rolled. EN8 is supplied asround drawn/turned, round hot rolled, hexagon, square, flats and  plate.
• EN8 is usually supplied untreated but can be supplied to order in the normalized or finally heat treated (quenched and tempered to ”Q” or “R”properties for limiting ruling sections up to 63mm), which is adequate for a wide range of applications.  Please refer to our selection guide for comparisons.
• EN8 is a very popular grade of through-hardening medium carbon steel, which is readily machinable in any condition. (Refer to our machinability guide). EN8 is suitable for the manufacture of parts such as general-purpose axles and shafts, gears, bolts and studs.  It can be further surface-hardened typically to 50-55 HRC by induction processes, producing components with enhanced wear resistance.  For such applications the use of EN8D (080A42) is advisable.  It is also available in a free-machining version, EN8M (212A42)
• EN8 in its heat treated forms possesses good homogenous metallurgical structures, giving consistent machining properties.
• Good heat treatment results on sections larger than 63mm may still be achievable, but it should be noted that a fall-off in mechanical properties would be apparent approaching the centre of the bar.
• It is therefore recommended that larger sizes of EN8 are supplied in the untreated condition, and that any heat treatment is carried out after initial stock removal.  This should achieve better mechanical properties towards the core.

Chemical composition Mechanical Properties EN8 Equivalents Heat Treatment

• EN8 or 080m40 can be tempered at a heat of between 550°C to 660°C (1022°F-1220°F), heating for about 1 hour for every inch of thickness, then cool in oil or water.

Welding

• Modern EN8 bright mild steel contains a lot less carbon then it uses to, this mean that it is possible to weld pieces up to 18mm thick without preheating using MIG wire (SG2) or a 7018 electrode.
• Over 18mm would require a pre-heat of 100°C (212°F) in order to prevent cracking.
• Anneal afterward is recommended to prevent breaking

Analysis

• EN8D is a carbon steel, detailed in British Standard BS970
  080A42 is a medium carbon and medium tensile steel used mainly for axles, spindles, studs, automotive and general engineering components. Suitable for heat treatment where extra strength is required.
• It is medium high carbon steel that can be strengthened by heat treating after forming. Machinability and weldability are fair. Typical uses include machine, plow and carriage bolts, cylinder head studs, machine parts etc. It is also used for U bolts, concrete re-enforcing rods, forgings and non critical springs.

Chemical composition Mechanical Properties Material Group

Carbon Steel

Application

• For shallow hardening applications.

QUICK VIEW SYSTEM

MACHINEABILITY – 80

WELDABILITY – Precaution may be required

HARDENABILITY – Small sizes suitable for induction hardening SELECTION GUIDE AND USAGE EXAMPLES – Medium tensile strength. Axles, shafts, spindles and studs –

Metallurgical Properties

• Inclusion Rating : A B C D 2.0/1.0 E 45 A
• Grain Size : Fine grain size – ASTM No. 6-8 Decarburization &
• Surface Imperfections : 1 % of size max.
• Microstructure : Pearlte+Ferrite

Mechanical Properties

• Coils, Hot rolled : 240 BHN max.
• Coils, Hot rolled ,Annealed: 180 BHN max
• Material Specification Sheet: UML ¬ En8D
• Grade- En8D Material Group : Carbon Steel
• International Steel Grades DIN : CK45

• Production Capacity: NA
• Delivery Time: NA
• Packaging Details: NA

Equivalents:

 

• BS970 Part 1 1983, 070M55
• BS970 of 1955 EN9
• German W. Stoff No. 1.1203 | American AISI 1055

EN9, also known as 070m55, available in diameters, flats, squares and plates with a carbon content 0.50/0.60 this is a medium carbon steel which can develop a tensile strength of 700N/mm 45tsi. In the normalized condition EN9 can be used for gears, sprockets and cams.

EN9 is a medium carbon steel grade commonly supplied in the as rolled condition. It can be flame or induction hardened to produce a high surface hardness with excellent wear resistance for a carbon steel grade.

Chemical Composition Mechanical Properties Application

EN9 is used commonly for many general engineering applications. Typical applications include, shafts, axes, knives, bushes, crankshafts, screws, sickles, wood working drills and hammers.

Characteristics

• A 6% allowance should always be made for removal of surface defects during machining
• EN9 is weldable (but not recommended
• Machinability good • Ideal for 45 ton tensile applications
• Not recommended for carburizing
• Heat treatment only to limited ruling sections

Typical Applications

• Sprockets
• Cylinders
• Cams
• Crankshafts
• Keys
• Small Gears
• Machine Tools
• Grinding Balls for Ball Mills
• Ball Race Rings
• Bolts, Nuts
• Pulleys

Heat Treatment

Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each EN9 steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN9 carbon steel.

Forging

Heat slowly and uniformly to 1100°C. After forging cool slowly .

Annealing

Heat uniformly to 700°C. Soak well and cool slowly in the furnace.

Hardening

• Heat uniformly to 820/840°C until heated through. Quench in oil, or water.
• Tempering
• Heat uniformly and thoroughly at the selected tempering temperature, between 550/660°C and hold at heat for one hour per inch of total thickness.

AISI 1040 carbon steel has high carbon content & can be hardened by heat treatment followed by quenching and tempering to achieve 150 to 250 ksi tensile strength.

Chemical Composition Physical Properties

The physical properties of AISI 1040 carbon steel are tabulated below

Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of AISI 1040 carbon steel are outlined in the following table.

Thermal Properties

The thermal properties of AISI 1040 carbon steel are given in the following table.

Other Designations

Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 1040 carbon steel include:

• ASTM A29 (1040)
• ASTM A510 (1040)
• ASTM A513
• ASTM A519 (1040)
• ASTM A546 (1040)
• ASTM A576 (1040)
• ASTM A682 (1040)
• ASTM A827
• ASTM A830
• MIL S-11310 (CS 1040)
• MIL S-16788
• MIL S-46070
• SAE J1397 (1040)

• Production Capacity: NA
• Delivery Time: NA
• Packaging Details: NA

C55Mn75

 

Carbon steels are the steels having carbon as the major alloying element. They also contain up to 1.2% manganese and 0.4% silicon. In addition, the residual elements like copper, molybdenum, aluminium, chromium and nickel are present in these steels.

Chemical Composition Applications

• Agricultural implements
• Heavy machinery components
• Wear-resistant parts
• Ring-rolling tools
• Battering tools
• Hand tools
• Springs

Mechanical Properties Show 102550100 entries Search: Showing 1 to 10 of 14 entries Previous Next Thermal Properties Physical Properties Heat Treatment

• Normalize at 1550° to 1625°F (843° to 885°C)
• Full anneal at 1525° to 1600°F (829° to 871°C) before furnace cooling
• Process anneal at 1100° to 1225°F (593° to 663°C) after cold working
• Harden

Heat to 1450° to 1525°F (788° to 829°C)

• Oil or water quench
• Temper
• May be oil or water quenched

Machinability

• Sulfured or chlorinated cutting oils for high-speed steel cutters
• No oil for carbide-tip tools
• Grind high-speed steel turning tools
  • 8-12° side rake
  • 6-10° back rake
  • 7-9° side and end relief
  • 12-16° side cutting-edge angle
  • 8-14° end cutting-edge angle
  • Nose radius 10% of cut depth
• Grind carbide-tip tools
  • 6-12° side rake
  • 2-8° back rake
  • 6-10° side and end relief
  • 8-12° end cutting-edge angle
  • 8-16° side cutting-edge angel
  • 1/32” nose radius

Work ability

• Hot work 2200° to 1800°F (1204° to 982°C)
• Intermediate annealing required for considerable cold working
• Fully anneal when further cold work will follow extensive cold work